GLAUCOMA- AN EYE DISEASE

As we know that eye is very delicate and sensitive part of our body. Many people have to face different types of eye problems as they spend long hour sitting on computer, using mobile phones continuously. Gradually their vision gets blurred and they have to suffer from various eye diseases. Glaucoma is one of them that damages the optic nerves of your eyes. So, in this article we will discuss about glaucoma, its causes, its symptoms and its treatment.

What is glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a condition that damages your optic nerves of eyes. Optic nerves help in sending visual message from your eyes to the brain and are significant for good vision. Glaucoma happens due to high pressure on eyes. It can happen at any age but it is common in old adult. Glaucoma has many forms in which some forms have no signs or symptoms. it is not easy to be diagnosed it at initial stage. It gets worse by the time. Its effects are so gradual that you cannot notice its signs. If glaucoma is diagnosed at early stage then you can prevent loss of vision and control it. First of all we will know about the symptoms of glaucoma.

Symptoms of glaucoma

• Severe eye pain
• Blurred vision
• Red eyes
• Colored rings around light
• Nausea or vomiting
• Dull or cloudy eyes
• Headache
• Tears without crying
• Increased blinking
• Gradual loss of side vision
• Nearsightedness that gets worse

Forms of glaucoma

Glaucoma has various forms and each form has different symptoms. The forms of glaucoma are listed below:-
• Open angle glaucoma: - This type is the most common. It can go unnoticed for years because most people don’t have any symptom.
• Acute angle-closure glaucoma: - This is rare type and often comes suddenly. It can be severe and require immediate medical treatment.
• Normal tension glaucoma: - As many as one in three normal people have optic nerves damage even when eye pressure is normal not very high.
• Glaucoma in children: - Some babies are born with drainage canal that doesn’t form properly during fatal development.
• Pigmentary glaucoma: - It is the most common in young, nearsighted male. It develops due to flow of excessive pigment throughout the anterior segment of the eyes.

Before treating glaucoma, It is necessary to know its causes.

Healthy Eye Vs Glaucoma Vs Cataract

Why does glaucoma develop?

Glaucoma develops due to damage in the optic nerves. It also develops when the fluid inside your eyes flows out of your eyes through a mesh- like channel. If this channel gets blocked or the eye is producing too much fluid, the fluid builds up. It can be genetic or inherited. Glaucoma can happens due to a blunt or chemical injury in your eyes, severe eye infection, blocked blood vessels in your eyes and inflammatory condition.

Who can have risk or chances of developing glaucoma?

1. Mainly glaucoma is found in the people of old adults who are over 40. But sometimes it is found in infants.
2. The people who are native of America, Africa, Iran, and Russia have more chances to suffer from glaucoma.
3. It can be inherited, so it can transfer from parents to their children.
4. The people who have diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease or anemia can have risk to develop glaucoma.
5. People who have injury in their eyes have high risk of occurring glaucoma.

Treatment of glaucoma

The purpose of glaucoma treatment is to stop any loss of vision. Initially, your doctor will start the treatment by prescribing you eye drop. If the eye drop is not working then he will prescribe oral medication and if needed he will give you more advanced treatment. Glaucoma treatment includes the following measures that ophthalmologist uses:-
1. Medication: - Several medicines are designed to cure glaucoma. These medicines can be in the form of eye drop or tablets. You are prescribed on e or combination of these by your doctor.
2. Surgery: - Your doctor can suggest surgery to make the drainage path for fluid or kill the tissues that are responsible for boosting fluid.

Glaucoma can be classified in various ways, but it is typically separated into four categories: Primary Open Angle Glaucoma, Angle Closure Glaucoma, Normal Tension Glaucoma, and Secondary Glaucoma. Each type presents its own unique characteristics and considerations.

ग्लूकोमा का पता लगाना काफी हद तक आंख के भीतर बढ़े हुए दबाव की पहचान पर निर्भर करता है। आंखों के दबाव का परीक्षण करने के लिए, नेत्र रोग विशेषज्ञ एक तकनीक का उपयोग करते हैं जिसमें आंखों को सुन्न करने वाली बूंदों का उपयोग शामिल होता है। उसके बाद, वे आंख की सतह को धीरे से छूने और कॉर्निया को समतल करने के लिए एक छोटे उपकरण का उपयोग करते हैं, जिससे दबाव को सटीक रूप से मापने की अनुमति मिलती है। यह प्रक्रिया ग्लूकोमा के निदान में एक महत्वपूर्ण संकेतक के रूप में कार्य करती है।

ग्लूकोमा, एक पुरानी और उन्नत आंख की स्थिति, ऑप्टिक तंत्रिका को नुकसान होने के कारण होती है जिसके परिणामस्वरूप दृश्य क्षेत्र का नुकसान होता है। ग्लूकोमा विकसित होने में आंखों का दबाव एक महत्वपूर्ण जोखिम कारक है। जब आंख की जल निकासी प्रणाली खराब हो जाती है, तो द्रव जमा होने से दबाव बढ़ सकता है, जो अंततः ऑप्टिक तंत्रिका को नुकसान पहुंचा सकता है।

Glaucoma, a determined and advancing eye condition, happens from harm to the optic nerve resulting in the loss of the visual field. Eye pressure stands as a critical contributing factor to this disease. When there is an irregularity in the drainage system of the eye, fluid grows and creates excessive pressure that ultimately harms the optic nerve.

When it comes to glaucoma, most types typically go unnoticed until there is already a major loss of vision. However, acute angle-closure glaucoma is different in that it shows early signs of development. These signs are important to recognize because this particular type of glaucoma can lead to rapid vision loss.
If you experience any of the following symptoms, it is crucial that you seek immediate attention from your optometrist. These early signs indicate acute angle-closure glaucoma:
Hazy or blurred vision: Your vision becomes changed or blurry, often accompanied by other symptoms.
Eye pain: You experience severe pain around your eyes and head.
Eye redness: Your eyes become red due to increased pressure within them.
Colored halos around lights: You notice the formation of colored bright circles around light sources.
Nausea or vomiting: You feel nauseous or vomit, often accompanied by eye pain.

Prescription eye drops are regularly prescribed as the go-to remedy for this condition.These drops skillfully reduce the pressure within the eye, and protect the optic nerve from harm. Another treatment option involves utilizing laser technology. By employing lasers, medical experts can facilitate the drainage of fluid from the eye, thus relieving pressure.

Elevated eye pressure occurs when there is a collection of fluid within the eye, known as aqueous humor. Normally, this fluid drains through a tissue called the trabecular meshwork, which is located at the junction of the iris and cornea.

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GLAUCOMA- AN EYE DISEASE