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PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGY

What is pediatric ophthalmology?

Any problem associated with eyes in children is called Paediatric ophthalmology. Problems like difficulty in vision, blocking tear ducts, cataracts and difficulty in reading. Sometimes the child is born with an eye defect when it is called Congenital.

Common eyes problems in children and their treatment

1. Cataracts: - Pediatric cataracts are a condition in which the natural lens of the eye of a child becomes opaque. Child has blurred vision and needs urgent treatment to restore good vision which may be immediate surgery.
2. Glaucoma: - Congenital glaucoma is the birth eye defect that can cause damage to the optic nerves. The child has difficulty in opening the eyes in light( photophobia) and watering. Treatment is medicines or surgery and your surgeon is the best person to guide you.
3. Amblyopia (lazy eye): - Amblyopia or lazy eye is a condition where the vision of one or bothe eye is poor and does not improve to 100% with glasses. This condition can be treated using glasses, eye patches and eye drops.
4. Strabismus or Squint: - Strabismus is a condition in which the eyes point in different direction and are not able to align properly with each other. If the problem is not detected or treated timely then it can lead to amblyopia. This problem must be treated at early age by eye patches, glasses, exercise and eye drops.
5. Pink Eye: - Pink eyes are a condition when the eye of a child gets red due to infection, irritation and allergy. It can cause itchiness, watery eyes and sticky discharge. In a newborn it is very important to treat it early to avoid any serious complications.
6. Epiphora: - Epiphora is a condition in which a child gets watery eyes and excess tearing. It could be due to blockage of tear ducts, infection or allergy. It is important to treat it early as blocked tear duct because tears are not able to clean the eye and cause infection in the eye.
7. Droopy eyelids (ptosis):-In this condition the eyelids do not open as much as they should be. This happens due to the weakness in eye muscles that open in eyelid.
8. Far sightedness: - In this condition the child is unable to see the close objects clearly. This is the common problem in children. They are suggested to wear glasses.

Eye diseases in children have to be treated early to prevent serious vision problems in future

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Frequently Asked Questions

The normal power of eye is approximately 60 diopters (D). This means that the eye can focus light from an infinite distance onto the retina, the tissue at the back of the eye.
However, it should not be forgotten that the refractive power of eye may vary from person to person. Some people may have eyes with refractive power above or below 60 D. This is normal and does not necessarily mean there is something wrong with your eyes.
The refractive power of eye also changes over time. This often happens in children because their eyes are still growing and growing. However, adults also experience changes in vision, especially as they get older.
If you are concerned about your vision or have changes in your vision, it is important to have your eyes checked by your doctor. They can determine the refractive power of eyes and provide you with corrective lenses if necessary.

• Emmetropia: It is normal eye power when the eye can see the light coming from infinity to the retina without the need for any correction.
• Myopia (Myopia): A condition in which the eye is too long or the cornea is too curved, causing light to focus in front of the retina. People with myopia need less optical power to see clearly.
• Hypersightedness: This is a condition in which the eye is too short or the cornea is not curved enough, causing light to focus behind the retina. People with hyperopia need to adjust the lens to the correct power in order to see clearly.
• Astigmatism: This is a condition in which the cornea or lens is not perfect, causing light to focus on different points in the eye. People with astigmatism should be treated with cylindrical power lenses to provide clarity.
In addition to these four main types of eye power, there are other types of eye power such as presbyopia (age-related farsightedness) and heterophthalmia (two different eyes).
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